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What is Data Integration and How to Handle it?

Learn about big data integration, forms of integration, and some examples of data integrity in this article from LA New Product Development Team.

November 27, 2018·8 min read

Konstantin Dolgan

Written by Konstantin Dolgan, Ph.D., NPDP

Founder & CEO, Product Development Engineer

Published November 27, 2018 · Updated September 3, 2026

Key takeaways

  • What is Data Integration. To put it simply, big data integration is the combination of data from different sources internal or external organizational sources.
  • What connected-product teams actually integrate. For a hardware company, data integration is not an abstract IT topic — it is the difference between knowing why units fail in the field and guessing.
  • Integration patterns and when to use them. Batch ETL: nightly loads into a warehouse; correct default for reporting, wrong for alerting.
  • Data quality rules worth enforcing at ingest. One canonical device identity — serial number to device ID to customer — resolved at ingest, never in downstream reports.
  • Governance and privacy obligations. Connected-product data usually includes personal data even when the team believes it does not: an IP address, a home location, or a usage pattern tied to one household.

In this article

  1. 01
    What is Data Integration
  2. 02
    Forms of Data Integration
  3. 03
    What connected-product teams actually integrate
  4. 04
    Integration patterns and when to use them
  5. 05
    Data quality rules worth enforcing at ingest
  6. 06
    Governance and privacy obligations
  7. 07
    Frequently asked questions
    • What is big data integration?
    • How does data integrity relate to data integration?
    • What are common forms of data integration?
    • What is data consolidation?
    • What is data propagation?
  8. 08
    Sources and standards
  9. 09
    The Data Integration Challenges Connected Products Run Into First
    • Decide What the Data Is For Before You Collect It
    • An Integration Checklist for the First Connected Release
    • Where the Value Actually Lands

We may have come across the term “Data Integration” before, mostly in our college classes and sometimes from conversations used by businesspeople, tech guys, and the like. However, do we really know what this means?

If you think that the term is too broad and complicated for your understanding, here’s what you need to know about big data integration, its forms of integration, and basically its fundamentals put into simpler terms and explanations:

What is Data Integration

To put it simply, big data integration is the combination of data from different sources internal or external organizational sources. This is where large amounts of data are analytically aligned, combined, and presented in an integrated manner wherein integrator objectives are met. With this, a user from a platform or an avenue will be able to have a unified perspective of all the data and information involved in the integration.

Now that we’re significantly dependent on data collection and integration, the need to use big data integration arises. Using forms of integration can be observed in a variety of situations. Most of the time, we can see this in large commercial or research companies where the merging of data is crucial for their survival.

You might wonder how the collection of large data becomes accurate. After all, the sheer amount of shared data per day is significantly high that you can’t help but question how they’re handling this information.With the help of technology, data integrity is introduced.

Like data integration, data integrity can be used in several situations as well. Basically, this concept is tasked to check out the accuracy and consistency of gathered data no matter where and what the platform is. It takes charge in the maintenance, thus assuring the user that the merged data are valid.

A good data integrity example is that of a software that encrypts the gathered data an excellent protective measure that secures the validity of the data. Another data integrity example is a data backup control installed in a company’s systems.

This is a great tool in case there is data corruption involved. One more data integrity example is installing data validation tools that segregate corrupt data from the uncorrupted ones. Thus transmitting and accepting those that are valid.

Forms of Integration in Data

There are multiple forms of integration. As mentioned above, data integration can be applied to a lot of situations, so here are some common data integrity examples:

  • Data Consolidation

This type of data integration physically gathers data from multiple systems – both internally and externally. After gathering, the consolidated data will be sorted and stored as one. Usually, the goal of data consolidation is to reduce storage locations and only maximize the data that are filtered. One can observe this type of approach in big companies that have multiple partners.

  • Data Propagation

This approach uses applications to copy data from one source and then send it to one location to the next. Data propagation is event-driven it’s program flow is dependent on events. Like user interaction, sensors, or relayed messaged from other sources of programs. This approach can be done simultaneously or not. One common activity that uses data propagation is relaying messages and transactions via a platform.

  • Data Virtualization

This approach uses an interface in order to gather and provide real-time data from dissimilar sources. It can view various types of data models as well. Viewing can be done in one location but not necessarily storing them in the same location. Data virtualization does not also require a uniformed or single point of formatting and access despite retrieving and interpreting varied data.

  • Data Warehousing

This is simply seen as a storage for gathered data. Here, the collected data are cleansed, reformatted, and stored for future usages.

While data integration can be explained in simple terms just like in this article, it’s safe to say that data integration can be used and interpreted in various ways. Indeed, data integration is a broad concept. This is a complicated topic with multiple branches. In fact, there is no means of universally explaining what data integration is. However, though the topic is still being studied and changed currently, it’s definitely evolving for the better.

Utilizing the collection and integration of different data can be paramount to your business success. If you’re struggling to maximize the value of your data, call our experts today.

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Forms of Data Integration

Form
Description
Goal
Data Consolidation
Gathers and stores data from multiple systems into one.
Reduce storage locations, maximize filtered data.
Data Propagation
Copies data from one source to another, often event-driven.
Relay messages and transactions via a platform.
Data Virtualization
Uses an interface to provide real-time data from dissimilar sources.
View various data models in one location without storing them together.
Data Warehousing
Storage for gathered data, cleansed and reformatted.
Store data for future usages.

What connected-product teams actually integrate

For a hardware company, data integration is not an abstract IT topic — it is the difference between knowing why units fail in the field and guessing. The data lives in five or six systems that were never designed to speak to each other, and the integration work is mostly about agreeing on identity: which serial number, which build, which customer.

Source
Typical system
What it answers
Integration difficulty
Device telemetry
MQTT broker, cloud IoT service
How the product behaves in use
High — volume and schema drift
Manufacturing test data
MES or factory test rig logs
Which build and line a unit came from
High — often CSV on a factory PC
Bill of materials and revisions
PLM
What is physically inside a serial number
Medium
Support tickets and RMAs
Helpdesk, CRM
What customers report and return
Low
Sales and channel
ERP, marketplace exports
Where units went and when
Medium
App and web analytics
Product analytics platform
How the software half is used
Low

Integration patterns and when to use them

Engineer at a multi-monitor workstation reviewing data pipeline dashboards near server racks
Integration work is mostly plumbing: sources, transforms, and the monitoring that proves it ran.
  • Batch ETL: nightly loads into a warehouse; correct default for reporting, wrong for alerting.
  • Change data capture: streams row-level changes from operational databases without hammering them.
  • Event streaming: device and app events on a durable log; needed when latency matters or volume is high.
  • API federation: query systems in place, no copies; good for low-volume lookups, poor for analytics.
  • Reverse ETL: pushes warehouse results back into CRM and support tools where people actually work.

Data quality rules worth enforcing at ingest

  • One canonical device identity — serial number to device ID to customer — resolved at ingest, never in downstream reports.
  • Schema versioning on every event payload; firmware will change the payload and old records still have to parse.
  • Timestamps in UTC with the device clock and the server receipt time both retained; device clocks drift and lie.
  • Explicit retention and deletion rules per data class, so privacy requests are a query rather than an archaeology project.
  • Alerting on volume anomalies — a silent drop in telemetry is usually an integration break, not a happy fleet.

Governance and privacy obligations

Connected-product data usually includes personal data even when the team believes it does not: an IP address, a home location, or a usage pattern tied to one household. GDPR and comparable state laws require a lawful basis, a retention limit, and the ability to export or delete a person's records.

Build the deletion path while the schema is small — retrofitting it across six systems after launch is one of the more painful projects a hardware company can undertake.

If your product will produce field data you intend to act on, the collection plan belongs in the development program, not in a post-launch backlog.

Frequently asked questions

What is big data integration?

Big data integration combines data from various internal or external organizational sources. This process analytically aligns, combines, and presents large amounts of data to meet integrator objectives. Users gain a unified perspective of all involved data and information, which is crucial for large commercial or research companies.

How does data integrity relate to data integration?

Data integrity ensures the accuracy and consistency of gathered data, regardless of its source or platform. It maintains data validity, assuring users that merged data is valid. Examples include software that encrypts data, data backup controls, and data validation tools that segregate corrupt from valid data.

What are common forms of data integration?

Common forms of data integration include data consolidation, which gathers and stores data from multiple systems into one. Data propagation copies data from one source to another, often in response to events. Data virtualization uses an interface to provide real-time data from dissimilar sources without storing them in one location. Data warehousing stores cleansed and reformatted data for future use.

What is data consolidation?

Data consolidation physically gathers data from multiple internal and external systems. The collected data is then sorted and stored as a single entity. The primary goal is often to reduce storage locations and maximize filtered data. This approach is common in large companies with multiple partners.

What is data propagation?

Data propagation uses applications to copy data from one source and send it to another location. This process is event-driven, with its program flow dependent on events such as user interaction, sensors, or relayed messages. It can occur simultaneously or not. A common activity using data propagation is relaying messages and transactions via a platform.

Sources and standards

  • USPTO — patent basics — Official guidance on provisional and non-provisional filings for new products.
  • NIST Manufacturing Extension Partnership — Federal program supporting US small and mid-size manufacturers.
  • ISO 9001 quality management — The quality-system standard most contract manufacturers are audited against.

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The Data Integration Challenges Connected Products Run Into First

A connected product turns a manufacturer into a data operator whether or not it planned for that. Fleet telemetry, warranty records, support tickets, and factory test results all describe the same physical unit, yet they usually live in systems that cannot agree on what a unit is. Integration work is mostly the work of making that agreement explicit.

Decide What the Data Is For Before You Collect It

The most expensive integration mistakes come from collecting everything on the theory that a use will appear later. In practice, undirected collection raises storage cost, widens privacy exposure, and produces datasets nobody trusts because nobody owns them.

Start from three questions the business needs answered, such as which failure mode drives warranty cost, which feature predicts renewal, and which production lot correlates with field returns, then instrument for those.

An Integration Checklist for the First Connected Release

  • A single device identity that links factory test record, shipment, and cloud telemetry.
  • A written payload schema with a version field, reviewed by firmware and backend together.
  • Defined retention tiers and a cost estimate at ten times current fleet size.
  • Alerting on ingestion failure, not just on device failure.
  • A documented process for pulling one unit's full history for a warranty investigation.
  • A data deletion path that satisfies your privacy notice and works at unit granularity.

Where the Value Actually Lands

Teams that integrate well tend to find their return in three places long before any advanced analytics: shorter warranty investigations because history is retrievable in minutes, faster root cause on production defects because factory data joins to field data, and better roadmap decisions because feature usage is measured rather than assumed.

Those three outcomes justify the plumbing on their own, and they are only available when identity, schema, and retention were designed deliberately at the start.

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